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Taken From:
Seven Pathways of Learning
(1994). Zephyr Press, Tucson, Arizona
Campbell, b. (1994). The Multiple Intelligences Handbook, Stanwood, WA:
Campbell & Associates.
Verbal/Linguistic
Intelligence
The ability to think in words and to use language to express and appreciate complex meanings, whether through formal speech or informal conversation, is a mark of the verbal/linguistic learner. Linguistic intelligence allows us to understand the order and meaning of words, and to apply meta-linguistic skills to reflect on our use of language. People who are strong in this intelligence have the ability to use with clarity the core operations of language. Verbal/Linguistic intelligence in involved in storytelling and creating, in all forms of humor that involve such things as plays on words, in the unexpected ending in a joke, and in various funny twists of the language. This intelligence is involved in any use of metaphors, similes, and analogies, and of course, in learning proper grammar and syntax in speaking and writing. This person thinks well in words, expresses himself beautifully, has a well developed language ability, enjoys reading, writing, listening, speaking, and is able to link new knowledge to prior learning. the linguistic intelligence is the most widely shared human competence. It is evident in poets, novelists, journalists, and effective public speakers.
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Things that help this student: encouragement listen patiently and paraphrase affirm strengths print rich environment keep on task display work |
Things that hinder this
student: criticism humiliation negative comments sarcasm belittling favoritism word bare classrooms
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Logical/Mathematical
Intelligence
You can see logical/mathematical intelligence in operation most clearly when you are involved in a situation that requires problem solving or meeting a new challenge. This intelligence is often associated with what we call "scientific thinking". We use our logical/mathematical intelligence when we recognize abstract patterns such as counting by twos or knowing if we've received the right change at the supermarket. We use it when we find connections or see relationships between seemingly separate and distinct pieces of information. Logical/mathematical intelligence is responsible for the various patterns of thinking we use in our daily lives, such as making lists, setting priorities, and planning something for the future.
| Things that helps this student: challenging assignments provide the big picture and objectives a place for everything and everything in its place mnemonic devices for memory work charts/graphs for interpreting data step-by-step, sequential thinker use challenging phrases like: I have a special challenge for you I have a tough problem for you to reason out How would you like to solve this? |
Things that hinder this student: difficult for this student to work in chaos and confusion no connection between ideas no big picture of where the teacher is going rushing through tasks
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Visual/Spatial intelligence can be seen in its purest form in the active imagination of children involved in such things as daydreaming, pretending to make themselves invisible, or imagining themselves to be on a great journey to magical times and places. We employ this intelligence when we draw pictures to express our thought and feelings, or when we decorate a room to create a certain mood. We use it when we use a map successfully to get someplace we want to go. Visual/spatial intelligence helps us to win at chess, enables us to turn a blueprint on paper into a "real" object (for example, a lathe turned bowl), and allows us to visualize things we want in our lives (for example, new wall color in a room or new furnishings, recognition for our efforts, peaceful relationships).
People with their strength in the visual/spatial intelligence can create a world of imagination and are creative. They have the capacity to perceive the visual world accurately and are able to recreate one's visual experiences. They are able to "see" form, color, shape, and texture in the "minds eye" and transfer these to concrete representation in art form. This student is your doodler. He/she often had trouble with reading comprehension.
| Things that help this student: drawing a picture sequence helps with comprehension picture rich classroom environment photos posters mobiles highlighters colored cartoons on overhead picture collections slides filmstrips use wait time say, "Picture this." |
Things that hinder this student: long print passages little graphic design finds it hard to communicate with words long writing assignments |
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Intelligence
Bodily/Kinesthetic intelligence would be seen in operation if I gave you a typewriter, with no markings on the keys, and asked you to type a letter. If at some time in your life you learned how to type, your fingers would "know" the keyboard and would likely be able to produce the letter with little or no effort at all. The body knows many things that are not necessarily known by the conscious mind, for example, how to ride a bike, park a car, catch an object, or maintain balance while walking. Bodily/Kinesthetic intelligence also involves the ability to use the body to express emotions and thoughts (such as in dance or body language), to play an athletic or sporting game, to invent a new product, and to convey ideas (such as charades, mime, and drama)
We think of grace and skill in movement - uses the body to express emotions and thoughts (body language), and actions - when we think of people strong in the bodily/kinesthetic intelligence. these are your proactive learners/doers. They are able to control and interpret body motions, to manipulate physical objects and to establish harmony between mind and body. A good example of this is Marcel Marceau - mime who could create a number of illusions simultaneously.
| Things that help this student: learns through touch and movement enjoys sports/physical movement keen sense of direction and sense of timing when moving the body full of energy and a proactive learner allow to move at will stand and stretch when bored can select a spot for quiet work celebrate classroom successes with physical energizers manipulatives role-play and simulation tasks that expend energy - materials collector, leader of stretch breaks, producer of plays video cameraman recorder on a checklist observation form |
Things that hinder this student: easily distracted by movement bothered by others sitting too close sitting too long needs extra time to settle down after physical activity long periods of "sit and get" isolation alienates this student
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We use our musical/rhythmic intelligence when we play music to calm or to stimulate ourselves. Many of us use music and rhythm to maintain a steady rhythm when jogging, cleaning the house, or learning to type. Musical/rhythmic intelligence is involved when you hear a jingle on the radio and find yourself humming it over and over throughout the day. This intelligence is active when we use tones and rhythmic patterns (instrumental, environmental, and human) to communicate how we are feeling and what we believe (for example, the sounds of intense joy, fear, excitement, and loss), or to express the depth of our religious devotion or the intensity of our national loyalty.
The individual strong in this intelligence doesn't have to play an instrument. They have the ability to use the core set of musical elements - pitch, rhythm, tone, and the acute awareness of sound in one's environment. This person may tap out continual beats with a pencil or foot, learns the latest tunes and can sing along with any group, plays a musical instrument, signs in the shower, whistles, and hums.
| Things that help this student: thrives during musical/rhythmic activities and games tells rather than reads stories prefers to use mnemonic structure when doing basic memory tasks soft background music keeps this student focused music and rhythm are windows of opportunity for this student allow this student to be verbal say information aloud, read aloud, talk themselves through a task |
Things that hinder this student: random noise side talking harsh sounds written seat work long repetitive tasks complicated writing assignments sitting still for long periods of time long winded teacher talk long silent reading periods |
People strong in the interpersonal intelligence have the ability to get along with, interact with, work with, and motivate others toward a common goal. Being strong in this intelligence involves the capacity to understand and interpret others' moods, temperaments, motivations, and intentions. These people enjoy working with others and are team players and are dependent on the success of others. Interpersonals have verbal/nonverbal communication skills, collaborative skills, the ability to note distinctions among others and to entertain multiple perspectives, conflict management, consensus-building skills, and the ability to trust, respect, lead and motivate others to the achievement of a common beneficial goal. They have empathy for the feelings, fears, anticipations, and beliefs of others, willing to listen without judgment and desire to help others raise their level of performance to the highest level. Teachers, social workers, actors, and politicians all exhibit interpersonal intelligence.
| Things that help this child: desks organized into small, clustered work stations cooperative guidelines posted the more instruction is organized for sharing, the more this student achieves all-class discussions responds to the "we" atmosphere
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Things that hinder this child: hates working alone individualized study packets study carrels self-paced learning silent, sustained reading private reflection time journal writing workbooks study alone time |
Intrapersonal intelligence is the
introspective intelligence. Intrapersonal intelligence allows us to be
self-reflective and to understand oneself. That is, to step back form ourselves
and watch others, almost like an outside observer. As far as we know, we are
the only creatures gifted with such an ability. Intrapersonal intelligence
involves a knowledge about and an awareness of the internal aspects of the self
such as feelings, thinking processes, self-reflection, and intuition about
spiritual realities. Both self-identity and the ability to transcend the self
are part of the functioning of intrapersonal intelligence. When we experience
a sense of unity, have an intuition about our connection with the larger order
of things, experience higher states of consciousness, feel the lure of the
future, and dream of unrealized potentials in our lives, it is the result of our
intrapersonal way of knowing.
These people live in a world of daydreams and yet astounds you with his/her
insight and interpretations, Intrapersonals know themselves and assume
responsibility for their life and learning. They are also strong-willed and
independent. They not only have an appreciation of the self, but also of the
human condition. Many psychologists, spiritual leaders, and philosophers are
intrapersonals.
| Things that help this child: thrives where self-determination is encouraged provide choices in what, when, why, and how to learn exploratory centers individual reading time interest surveys self-assessment charts personal reflection time ample time alone ample WAIT time when asked a question journal writing for reflecting goal oriented people |
Things that hinder this child: standardized tests direct instruction lock-stop textbook coverage daily schedules harsh punishment of other students teacher directed activities with no reason why |
The person strong in the naturalist
intelligence will usually have a mastery of taxonomy, understand about different
species, recognize patterns in nature, classify objects, and quickly grasp
relationships in ecosystems. Gardner defines the naturalist intelligence as
the human ability to "discriminate among living things (plants, animals) as well
as sensitivity to other features of the natural world (clouds, rocks,
configurations). They can recognize and classify artifacts with great precision
and accuracy. They become "experts" in a natural science like studying
dinosaurs, butterflies, fish, birds, rocks, etc.
Some of the fields these people go into are biology, farming, botany,
cooking (chef), science, and even consumers making choices use this intelligence
(cars, sneakers, makeup). Famous people who are naturalists are John James
Audubon, Roger Torrey Peterson, Charles Darwin, Ernst Mayr, and E. O. Wilson.
| Things that help this child: discovery patterns and relationships observing flora and fauna sorting objects classifying objects immersing the student in the natural world using the five senses distinguish differences and similarities among the same and neighboring species |
Things that hinder this student: long print passages long writing assignments sitting too long being confined to the inside lack of connecting learning to real world |